Current Status of DIMOX in Synthesizing Al/Al2O3 by Aluminum Alloy

The processes, microstructures, properties and mechanisms of DIMOX in synthesizing Al/Al 2O 3 by Al-Mg-Si alloy are reviewed and their problems are considered mainly as following:non_homogeneous oxidation growth of Al/Al 2O 3 at the surface of melts and the porosity of Al/Al 2O 3 limites structural application of Al/Al 2O 3 composite. The mechanisms and models of microchannel,magnesium action,silicon action,and induction are outlined. Several problems which need to be noticed are pointed out,which are diffusion and transfer of oxygen in aluminium melts;the role of MgO and MgAl 2O 4 at outer layer;the reaction feature of solid_gas in the oxidation microstructures of Al_Mg_Si alloy;SiO 2 induction mechanism of silicon and its correlation with the mechanism of magnesium action in Al_Mg_Si alloy.     

Studies on the Oxidation of Weathered Coal with Nitric Acid

A raseach has been done on the possibility of producing nitriochumic acid fromweathered coal of Nantong,Sichuan,oxidised by nithic acid.The optimun reacting conditions,whichare found through the way of orthogonal experiment,are suggested as follows:concentration ofHON3 35%,rate of HON3 to coal 3.5,reacting take 15 min,and reaction temperature 369 K. Thecomposition of product is Wf 2. 91 %;Ag 14.06%;HAg 78.28%;Ng 1.62%.     

CO2-O2混合喷吹对铁液中C、V元素氧化的影响

为了验证用CO2替代部分O2进行转炉氧化提钒的可行性,在实验室进行了CO2-O2混合喷吹提钒模拟实验。结果显示C的氧化量与C的氧化速率随CO2含量的增加而升高;V的氧化量随CO2含量的增加而降低,其中CO2含量为20%与纯O2对C、V的氧化量接近;纯O2喷吹时C的氧化量为34.56%,V的氧化量为96.85%;CO2含量为20%混合气体喷吹时C的氧化量为36.83%,V的氧化量为93.29%;以V的相对氧化量与C的相对氧化量的比值(ΔV/ΔC)来衡量提钒保碳能力,CO2含量为20%的最终ΔV/ΔC为5.96,CO2含量,40%、60%、80%的最终ΔV/ΔC均小于3.8;反应前期,V的氧化速率随CO2含量的增加而升高,反应后期V的氧化速率随CO2含量的增加而降低。     

Pinning Theory of Fermi Energy and Surface State Measurement of ZnSnO3 Gas Sensitive Material

In order to research the state of energy bands and gain and loss of electrons on the surface of ZnSnO_(3),it is put forward that Pinning theory of Fermi energy is applied to development of gas sensitive materials.The relative position between surface state and conduction band on surface of zinc tin complex oxide(ZnSnO_(3)) gas sensitive material has been investigated by utilizing oxidation redox couple,FeCl_(2)/ FeCl_(3),which have high surface state.Fermi energy is pinned at about 0.2 eV below conduction band E_(cs)on the surface of ZnSnO_(3).It has been determined that additives doping ratio,addition concentration and working atmosphere have no effect on this value.Therefore,pinning theory of Fermi energy has been verified by using this method.     

淀粉氧化反应机理的探究

介绍了淀粉的结构以及次氯酸钠、高锰酸钾和双氧水氧化淀粉的机理。     

Microbial and enzyme activity in soils amended with a natural source of easily available carbon

The addition of sugar beet to soils as a source of C led to an increase in the availability of easily utilizable C (glucose), which in turn markedly increased numbers of soil bacteria and of the yeast Williopsis californica. Nitrification, P solubilization, urea hydrolysis (and the subsequent nitrification of liberated NH _inf4 ^sup+ ) were stimulated by this amendment. The stimulation of nitrification may have been a result of increased heterotrophic nitrification. In contrast, the concentration of sulphate in S^o-amended soils declined following amendment, presumably as the result of enhanced S immobilization. Activity of the enzymes amylase, aryl sulphatase, invertase, phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and urease were all stimulated by the sugar beet amendment. These results suggest that sugar beet amendment could be used to increase the rate of release of plant-available ions from fertilizers such as insoluble phosphates. Problems may arise, however, from a subsequent increase in nitrification and reduced sulphate availability.     

Microbial activity and bacterial composition of H2-treated soils with net CO2 fixation

The effects of H₂ gas treatment of an agricultural soil cultivated previously with a mixture of clover (Trifolium pratense) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on CO₂ dynamics and microbial activity and composition were analyzed. The H₂ emission rate of 250 nmol H₂ g⁻¹ soil h⁻¹ was similar to the upper limit of estimated H₂ amounts emitted from N₂ fixing nodules into the surrounding soil ([Dong, Z., Layzell, D.B., 2001. H₂ oxidation, O₂ uptake and CO₂ fixation in hydrogen treated soil. Plant and Soil 229, 1-12.]). After 1 week of H₂ supply to soil samples simultaneously with H₂ uptake net CO₂ production declined continuously and this finally led to a net CO₂ fixation rate in the H₂-treated soil of 8 nmol CO₂ g⁻¹ soil h⁻¹. The time course of H₂ uptake and CO₂ fixation in the soils corresponded with an increase in microbial activity and biomass of the H₂-treated soil determined by microcalorimetric measurements, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) and DNA staining (DAPI). Shifts in the bacterial community structure caused by the supply of H₂ were recorded. While the H₂ treatment stimulated β-and γ-subclasses of Proteobacteria, it had no significant effect on α-Proteobacteria. In addition, FISH-detectable bacteria of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum increased in numbers.     

Manganese availability and microbial populations in the rhizosphere of wheat genotypes differing in tolerance to Mn deficiency

Plant genotypes differ in their capacity to grow in soils with low manganese (Mn) availability. The physiological mechanisms underlying differential tolerance to Mn deficiency are poorly understood. To study the relationship between Mn content in soil, plant genotypes, and rhizosphere microorganisms in differential Mn efficiency, two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, RAC891 (tolerant to Mn deficiency) and Yanac (sensitive), were grown in a Mn‐deficient soil to which 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg Mn kg^–1 were added. The shoot dry matter of both cultivars increased with increasing Mn addition to the soil. At all soil Mn fertilizer levels, the tolerant RAC891 had a greater shoot dry matter and a higher total shoot Mn uptake than the sensitive Yanac. The concentration of DTPA‐extractable Mn in the rhizosphere soil of RAC891 at Mn20 and Mn40 was slightly lower than in the rhizosphere of Yanac. The population density of culturable microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil was low (log 6.8–6.9 cfu (g soil)^–1) in both cultivars and neither Mn oxidation nor reduction were observed in vitro. To assess the non‐culturable fraction of the soil microbial community, the ribosomal intergenetic spacer region of the bacterial DNA in the rhizosphere soil was amplified (RISA) and separated in agarose gels. The RISA banding patterns of the bacterial rhizosphere communities changed markedly with increasing soil Mn level, but there were no differences between the wheat cultivars. The bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere was significantly correlated with the concentration of DPTA‐extractable Mn in the rhizosphere, fertilizer Mn level, shoot dry matter, and total shoot Mn uptake. The results obtained by RISA indicate that differential tolerance to Mn deficiency in wheat may not be related to changes in the composition of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere.